![]() ![]() Other leading officials were likewise put to death. For breaking his oath of allegiance Zedekiah was blinded, exiled to Babylon, and his sons were executed. This time the city was destroyed (586 or 587) and the Temple burned. 29:21ff.) encouraged the rump state of Judah to believe that deliverance was at hand. 28:1ff.) and in Babylonia such as Ahab son of Kolaiah, Zedekiah son of Maaseiah, and Shemaiah the Nehelamite (Jer. Despite the continuous preaching of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, prophets in Judah such as Hananiah son of Azzur (Jer. ![]() Ezekiel, settled among the exiles, provides evidence that events were dated according "to the exile of King Jehoiachin" (Ezek. In the eyes of Jeremiah, the exilic community was, metaphorically, a basket of excellent figs and would ultimately be restored to the land, while the remaining population were bad figs and would experience further destruction (Jer. The seal impressions "Eliakim steward of Yaukin," discovered at Tell Beit Mirsim, Beth-Shemesh, and Ramat Raḥel, may indicate that his royal estates were preserved intact. Jehoiachin, however, retained his royal status, and a Babylonian tablet of 592 reports that he and his five sons, along with other exiles, were allotted rations by Nebuchadnezzar. He took the exiled king's uncle Mattaniah, made him a vassal king, and changed his name to Zedekiah (II Kings 24:17 Ezek. Probably because Jehoiachin surrendered in time, Nebuchadnezzar did not destroy Jerusalem. The number of exiles is reported in round numbers once as 10,000 exclusive of artisans (II Kings 24:14) and once as 7,000 "mighty men" and 1,000 artisans (II Kings 24:16). As punishment for the rebellion, Nebuchadnezzar sent into exile the young king and his family, royal officials, warriors, artisans, and other distinguished people from Jerusalem and Judah, and took much spoil from the Temple and palace (II Kings 24:12ff. 22:13–19 36:30–31), and that the city was surrendered by his son Jehoiachin on March 16, 597 B.C.E. It is likely that he died in Jerusalem, reviled by Jeremiah (cf. The uprising was crushed by Nebuchadnezzar himself (598–597), but the statement that Jehoiakim was led into exile (Dan. The setback that Babylon suffered at the hands of Egypt (601), however, encouraged King *Jehoiakim to rebel (II Kings 24:1). 1:1ff.), Jeremiah foretold that Babylonian rule would last "70 years" (Jer. Although the prophet *Nahum rejoiced over Nineveh's fall and Habakkuk was stunned by Babylon's rise (Hab. The newly established Chaldean (Neo-Babylonian) dynasty (626 B.C.E.), which together with Media and the Ummanmanda (Scythians?) destroyed Nineveh (612), quickly established its own rule (604) in "the land of Hatti" (Syro-Palestine). The destruction of the Assyrian empire brought only temporary respite to the kingdom of Judah. Modern scholarship has adopted their perspective in dividing Israelite/Jewish history into "pre-exilic," "exilic," and "post-exilic" periods. Although Babylonia was not the only destination of former Judahites, it was the Babylonian deportees and their descendants whose perspectives inform the Hebrew Bible. EXILE, BABYLONIAN, exiles of Judah to Babylonia, sixth–fifth centuries B.C.E. ![]()
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